Migraine Medications: Triptans, Gepants, and Ditans Safety Compared

When a migraine hits, you don’t just want relief-you want it fast, and you want it safe. But not all migraine meds are created equal. Triptans, gepants, and ditans all treat acute attacks, but their safety profiles couldn’t be more different. Choosing the right one isn’t just about how well it stops pain-it’s about how it affects your body afterward.

Triptans: Fast but With a Price

Triptans like sumatriptan, rizatriptan, and almotriptan have been the go-to for decades. They work fast-often cutting pain in half within an hour. That’s why they’re still used in over 60% of acute migraine cases. But their speed comes with a cost.

Many people report chest tightness, a feeling like a band is squeezing their heart. That’s not anxiety-it’s real vasoconstriction. Triptans activate serotonin receptors that narrow blood vessels, including those in the heart and brain. For most people, it’s just uncomfortable. For others, it’s dangerous.

The American Academy of Family Physicians warns against using triptans if you have a history of heart attack, stroke, uncontrolled high blood pressure, or certain types of migraine with brainstem symptoms. Even if you’re young and healthy, repeated use can add up. One study found that up to 81% of people stop taking triptans because of side effects.

Common side effects include tingling in the fingers or face, dizziness, fatigue, and flushing. Subcutaneous injections cause pain at the injection site in 40% of users. Nasal sprays leave a bitter aftertaste for about a quarter of people. And yes, some of what feels like a side effect might just be the migraine itself-drowsiness or weakness can be part of the attack, not the drug.

Gepants: The Gentle Alternative

Gepants-like ubrogepant (Ubrelvy) and rimegepant (Nurtec ODT)-are newer. They block CGRP, a molecule that triggers migraine pain, without touching blood vessels. That’s why they’re considered much safer for people with heart risks.

In 2021, a major analysis of 64 clinical trials found gepants had the lowest rate of adverse events among all acute migraine meds. Nausea happens in only 4-6% of users. Drowsiness? Around 2-4%. Hypersensitivity reactions are rare-under 0.1%.

The big trade-off? Speed. Triptans often work in 30 to 60 minutes. Gepants take longer-usually 1 to 2 hours. But they last longer too. Rimegepant’s half-life is 10-12 hours, meaning relief can stretch into the next day. That’s why many users say they feel more like themselves afterward.

On Drugs.com, rimegepant scores 7.1 out of 10. People write things like: "No chest pressure like with triptans, just takes longer to work." That’s the kind of feedback doctors are hearing more of. The American Headache Society now recommends gepants over triptans for patients with cardiovascular conditions.

One caution: Rimegepant shouldn’t be taken with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors like ketoconazole or clarithromycin. That combo can spike drug levels in your blood. Also, long-term safety data beyond two years is still limited-though rimegepant has the most data so far.

Ditans: Effective, But Too Sedating

Lasmiditan (Reyvow) is the only ditan on the market. It works differently again-targeting 5-HT1F receptors in the brain, not blood vessels. That means no vasoconstriction. Safe for the heart. But it comes with a heavy downside: brain fog.

In clinical trials, 18.8% of people taking lasmiditan reported dizziness. That’s nearly double the placebo rate. Sedation hit 7.8%. Paresthesia (tingling or numbness) was 9.4%. Some users felt like they were drunk-without drinking.

The FDA requires a warning: Don’t drive or operate machinery for at least 8 hours after taking Reyvow. A 2021 study showed impaired driving skills even 5 hours after dosing. That’s a dealbreaker for many. If you work, care for kids, or need to be sharp after a migraine, this isn’t the right pick.

On Drugs.com, lasmiditan averages just 5.8 out of 10. Over 60% of negative reviews mention extreme drowsiness. One Reddit user wrote: "Reyvow made me feel drunk without alcohol." It got over 140 upvotes.

Doctors also warn against using it if you have a seizure history or take other drugs that lower the seizure threshold-even though actual seizure cases are rare. Fatigue, muscle weakness, and nausea are also common. It’s effective at reducing pain, but the side effects often outweigh the benefit for most people.

Comparing the Three: What the Data Shows

Here’s how they stack up based on the largest study to date (JAMA Network Open, 2021):

Safety Comparison: Triptans vs. Gepants vs. Ditans

Side Effect	Triptans	Gepants	Ditans (Lasmiditan)
Any adverse event (vs placebo)	1.8x higher	1.2x higher	2.9x higher
Chest tightness	3-8%	Less than 1%	Not reported
Dizziness	7-14%	2-4%	18.8%
Sedation	6-10%	2-4%	7.8%
Nausea	5-12%	3-6%	5.0%
Cardiovascular risk	Contraindicated in many	Safe	Safe
Time to relief	30-60 min	60-120 min	60-90 min
Driving restriction	No	No	Yes (8+ hours)

Who Should Take What?

If you have heart disease, high blood pressure, or a history of stroke-skip triptans. Gepants are your safest bet. They’re not perfect, but they don’t squeeze your arteries.

If you need fast relief and your heart is healthy, triptans still win. Sumatriptan works faster than anything else. But if you’ve had chest tightness or stopped taking them before, try rimegepant instead.

Ditans? Only consider lasmiditan if nothing else works and you can afford to be out of commission for half a day. Most people can’t. It’s not the first-line choice for a reason.

What to Watch For

- Don’t take triptans within 24 hours of dihydroergotamine. Both constrict blood vessels-dangerous combo.

- Don’t mix rimegepant with ketoconazole, itraconazole, or clarithromycin. It can spike drug levels.

- Never drive or operate heavy machinery after taking lasmiditan. Eight hours isn’t a suggestion-it’s a rule.

- If you feel chest pain, shortness of breath, or sudden weakness after any migraine med, stop taking it and call your doctor.

- Keep a log. Note what you took, when, how long it took to work, and how you felt afterward. That’s the best way to find what works for you.

What’s Next?

New options are coming. Zavegepant, an intranasal gepant, just finished Phase 3 trials with a safety profile similar to other gepants. It might offer fast relief without pills-great for people who can’t swallow tablets during a migraine.

Long-term data is still growing. Most gepants have only 1-2 years of safety data. The 2024 results from the ADVANCE trial will help clarify whether these drugs are safe for daily or frequent use over years.

For now, the message is clear: Not all migraine meds are equal. What’s right for your body depends on your health history, your lifestyle, and what side effects you’re willing to live with.